全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1557篇 |
免费 | 67篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1011篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 19篇 |
数学 | 224篇 |
物理学 | 366篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 29篇 |
2016年 | 77篇 |
2015年 | 50篇 |
2014年 | 62篇 |
2013年 | 66篇 |
2012年 | 126篇 |
2011年 | 145篇 |
2010年 | 109篇 |
2009年 | 65篇 |
2008年 | 102篇 |
2007年 | 136篇 |
2006年 | 80篇 |
2005年 | 68篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1905年 | 3篇 |
1904年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1626条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Robson Miranda da Gama Tatiana Santana Balogh Simone França Tânia Cristina Sá Dias Valcinir Bedin André Rolim Baby Jivaldo do Rosário Matos Maria Valéria Robles Velasco 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2011,106(2):399-405
This research aimed the effect on Caucasian hair tresses treated with oxidative hair dye, either incorporated or not with
conditioners agents, analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The formulations
of hair dyes were emulsions oil-in-water with light blond color containing or not the conditioners agents: silanetriol and
panthenol; PEG-12 dimethicone; hydrolyzed silk, hydrolyzed milk protein, and lactose. Each dye (1.5 g) was applied in the
hair tress (2.0 g/20.0 cm of length of Caucasian light-brown), previously treated, more 1.5 g of hydrogen peroxide 20 vol
during 40 min. Evaluation of mass loss of the different hair sample demonstrates that these chemical hair treatments impair
the hair fibers, reduced their moisture content with respect to the untreated hair. The incorporation of conditioners agents
(silanetriol and panthenol; PEG-12 dimethicone; hydrolyzed silk, hydrolyzed milk protein, and lactose) in oxidative hair dyes
types did not decrease the damage caused on the tresses by the coloring process quantified by TG/DTG. However, the DSC curves
demonstrated those conditioners agents (silanetriol and panthenol; PEG-12 dimethicone) dislocated the beginning of the third
event in 20 °C and they inhibited the presence of the fourth event, having characterized thermal protection to the hair. 相似文献
82.
We propose a new formulation of the Karush–Kunt–Tucker conditions of a particular class of quasi-variational inequalities. In order to reformulate the problem we use the Fisher–Burmeister complementarity function and canonical duality theory. We establish the conditions for a critical point of the new formulation to be a solution of the original quasi-variational inequality showing the potentiality of such approach in solving this class of problems. We test the obtained theoretical results with a simple heuristic that is demonstrated on several problems coming from the academy and various engineering applications. 相似文献
83.
Discussed here are criteria for the existence of continuous components in the spectra of operators with random potential. First, the essential condition for the Simon‐Wolff criterion is shown to be measurable at infinity. By implication, for the i.i.d. case and more generally potentials with the K‐property, the criterion is boosted by a zero‐one law. The boosted criterion, combined with tunneling estimates, is then applied for sufficiency conditions for the presence of continuous spectrum for random Schrödinger operators. The general proof strategy that this yields is modeled on the resonant delocalization arguments by which continuous spectrum in the presence of disorder was previously established for random operators on tree graphs. In another application of the Simon‐Wolff rank‐one analysis we prove the almost sure simplicity of the pure point spectrum for operators with random potentials of conditionally continuous distribution.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
84.
85.
C. A. De Simone E. E. Castellano C. A. Fantin L. B. Zinner G. Vicentini 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(3-4)
Abstract The crystal structure of the complex of formula {|Nd(NCS)3 (HMPA)3‖ |Nd(NCS)3 (HMPA)4|} was determined by three-dimensional X-ray diffraction methods and refined anisotropically to a R=0.040. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal system, space group R3 (No 146), with a=19.947(3), b=19.947(3), c=20.106(3) Å, α=β=90, γ=120°, V=6928(4) Å3, M=1891.4, Z=3, Dc=1.360 g cm?3, λ(MoKα)=0.71073 Å, μ=1.4 cm?1, F (000)=2922.01. There are two independent Nd3+ ions located in the three fold axis. One of them, located at the origin (000) is coordinated to nitrogen atoms of three symmetry related NCS? anions which are below the (x y) plane (negative z) and also to the oxygen atoms of three symmetry related HMPA groups above that plane. The coordination polyhedron is a slightly distorted octahedron. The other Nd3+ ion is located at (00,0.5025(1)). It is coordinated to the nitrogen atoms of three symmetry related NCS? anions above the (xy 1/2) plane and to oxygen atoms of three symmetry related HMPA groups below that plane. Another HMPA group has the O and P atoms located on the three-fold axis, above the (xy 1/2) plane. The coordination number is in this case 7 and the polyhedron is a capped trigonal antiprism. The mean distances are: Nd-N=2.44 Å, Nd-0=2.35 Å and Nd-N=2.52 Å, Nd-0=2.36 Å for the octahedron and antiprism configurations, respectively. (CNPq, FAPESP, FINEP) 相似文献
86.
Simone Madama Ermelinda Falletta Amir Mohammad Malvandi Kevin Arzoni Carlo Brogna Marco Varelli Matteo Bertelli Matteo Conti Martina Larini Federico Guidugli Pietro Traldi Simone Cristoni 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2022,57(8):e4876
In this work, the isolation step in the linear ion trap was performed using different “q values” conditions at a low collision-induced dissociation (CID) energy leading to the parent ion resolution improvements, reasonably due to better ion energy distribution. According to the results, we obtained a greater resolution and mass accuracy operating in both traditional electrospray and low voltage ionization near the q value = 0.778 and with a CID energy of 10%. This effect was evaluated with low-molecular-mass compounds (skatole and arginine). The proposed optimization yielded a superior instrument performance without adding technological complexity to mass spectrometry analyses. 相似文献
87.
Validation of Sun Exposure Reported Annually Against Interim Self‐report and Daily Sun Diaries 下载免费PDF全文
Laura King Fan Xiang Ashwin Swaminathan Keith Dear Simone L. Harrison Ingrid van der Mei Michael G. Kimlin Catherine D'Este Robyn M. Lucas 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2017,93(5):1294-1302
Data on personal sun exposure over a period exceeding the immediate past days or weeks are typically self‐reported in brief questionnaire items. The validity of such self‐reporting of longer term personal sun exposure, for example over a year, including detail on variation across seasons, has not previously been investigated. In a volunteer sample (n = 331) of Australian adults aged 18 years and over, we assessed the 12‐month reliability of sun exposure reported separately for each season, and its accuracy compared to a daily sun diary in the same season. Seasonal time outdoors displayed fair‐to‐good reliability between baseline and end of study (12 months), with responses showing higher agreement at lower levels of time outdoors. There was good agreement for ranking of individuals' time outdoors with the daily sun diary data, although the actual diary time outdoors was typically considerably lower than the self‐reported questionnaire data. Place of residence, education, being a smoker, day of the week (i.e. working day vs nonworking day) and working mainly outdoors were significant predictors of agreement. While participants overestimated their actual time outdoors, the self‐report questionnaire provided a valid ranking of long‐term sun exposure against others in the study that was reliable over time. 相似文献
88.
Paulo Herbert Simone Morais Paula Paíga Arminda Alves Lúcia Santos 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(6):391-400
A procedure for the determination of seven indicator PCBs in soils and sediments using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) prior to GC-MS/MS is described. Optimization of the HS-SPME was carried out for the most important parameters such as extraction time, sample volume and temperature. The adopted methodology has reduced consumption of organic solvents and analysis runtime. Under the optimized conditions, the method detection limit ranged from 0.6 to 1?ng/g when 5?g of sample was extracted, the precision on real samples ranged from 4 to 21% and the recovery from 69 to 104%. The proposed method, which included the analysis of a certified reference material in its validation procedure, can be extended to several other PCBs and used in the monitoring of soil or sediments for the presence of PCBs. 相似文献
89.
Simone Ceccherini 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2012,113(12):1437-1440
The optimal estimation method for the retrieval of atmospheric vertical profiles uses a priori information made of a profile and its covariance matrix. The underlying assumption is that the a priori profile has an averaging kernel matrix equal to the identity. The method is herewith generalized to the case that the a priori profile has a different averaging kernel matrix. The averaging kernel matrix of the a priori profile is properly taken into account in the cost function and a rigorous and more general solution for the optimal estimation method is derived. 相似文献
90.
S Jürschik B Agarwal T Kassebacher P Sulzer CA Mayhew TD Märk 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2012,47(9):1092-1097
In this work, we illustrate the application of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in the field of food and drink safety. We present proof-of-principle measurements of four different drinks (water, tea, red wine and white wine) each spiked separately with four different date rape drugs (chloral hydrate, tricholorethanol, γ-butyrolactone and butanediol). At first, the ideal PTR-MS operating conditions (reduced electric field strength and monitoring the most abundant [fragment] ion) for detection of the drugs were determined utilizing a time-of-flight-based PTR-MS instrument. We then dissolved small quantities of the drugs (below the activation threshold for effects on humans) into the various types of drinks and detected them using a quadrupole-based PTR-MS instrument via two different sampling methods: (1) dynamic headspace sampling and (2) direct liquid injection. Both methods have their advantages and drawbacks. Only with dynamic headspace sampling can rape drug contaminations be detected within a timeframe of seconds, and therefore, this method is the most promising use of PTR-MS as a fast, sensitive and selective monitor for the detection of food and drink contamination. Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献